Task B:Maria Hertogh Riots

Maria hertogh born in dutch.Her parents were caught to be pows during the japanese occupation and she was adopted by a muslim couple for 13 years.Then in 1949,maria mother wanted to claim her back and it was been brought to the court.Riots occured between races and religious when maria was forced to return to her parents but she had no choice.Thus, this brings unhappiness between people with different races and religious and riots occur.I think this is unfair to the muslim couple because they had take care of maria for 13 years but they earn nothing but instead was given fines.Maria parents should be appreciate because the muslim couple had taken care of maria.If maria were not taken care by the muslims couple, maybe Maria could have been dead and if Maria parents had not make the case to the court, riots would not occur and people would not be dead or injured because of the riots and there would not be misunderstanding between races n religious.

Task A:Maria Hertogh Riots

This riot broke out about a simple custody between Maria's real parents and her adopted parents but ended up as a religion and racial confrontation.Maria was 13-year old when her parents were imprisoned during japanese occupation.Maria came under the care of a malay woman,Che Aminah and her husband.Maria was born in java 1937 to Dutch-Catholics.Che Aminah brought Maria up as a muslims;named her Nadra.In 1949,Maria mother;Adeline Hertogh claimed her back.This matter was brought up to the High Court an Maria was placed under Social Welfare Department.In 1950,Maria returned to her real parents.Che Aminah opposed and sent an appeal.Two months later,the court returned Maria to Che Aminah.Under Che Aminah care.Nadra married a Malay teacher.As Maria should be subjected to Dutch laws which do not permit any girl under 16 to be married, her Muslim marriage was made invalid. The court then put her in the care of the Good Shepherd Convent, pending her return to the Netherlands.Maria's case was presented as a religious issue between Islam and Christianity and that aroused the religious antipathy of local Muslims. Calls were even made in the Sultan Mosque to start a holy war to return Maria to Amina To everyone's surprise the judge only took five minutes to threw out Aminah’s appeal. legal avenues yielded no result.On 11 Dec 50, the Appeal Court sat to hear Maria’s case.To everyone's surprise the judge only took five minutes to threw out Aminah’s appeal. The very short duration and the judgment convinced the crowd that the colonial legal system was biased against Muslims.The riots began.Any sight of Eurasian,would be attacked.Malay policemen were blamed for being biased, the colonial authorities for being insensitive in placing a Muslim girl in a Christian Convent and the press for over sensationalizing And it ended up with a Commission of Inquiry being set up in 1951.What is important to realize in a multi racial and religious society is that Governments irrespective of whether it is colonial or otherwise are occasionally bound to come up with decisions that would not satisfy all sections of the society.

Task A:Communal riots of 1964

Singapore went through racial or communal riots between Malays and Chinese over two five-day periods beginning on 21 July and 2 September 1964 respectively.the worst and most prolonged in Singapore's post-war history, erupted after Singapore merged with the Federation of Malaysia.In 19 July 1964 more than 1,000 Malay non-political leaders from 101 organisations met Mr Lee Kuan Yew, the Prime Minister of Singapore and Encik Othman Wok, the Minister for Social Affairs to clarify the issue of the special rights for Malays.The Straits Times of 21 July 1964 reported that more than 25,000 Muslims in Singapore would participate in a giant rally at the Padang on the following day to celebrate the birthday of Prophet Muhammad. Celebrations would also be held in Kuala Lumpur and in towns throughout Malaysia.In 21 July 1964 rioting broke out on the eve of the planned massive celebrations for Prophet Muhammad's birthday when a protest demonstration by Malays escalated from a verbal war of taunts and insults with Chinese bystanders. The ensuing violence which continued for five days, left 22 people dead and 454 injured. Curfew hours were imposed to restore law and order. The curfew was gradually relaxed by 2 August 1964.In 2 September 1964 ,racial tensions exploded once again when a Malay trishaw rider was stabbed to death at night. Rioting erupted again and continued for another five days with 12 people killed, 109 injured and over 1,200 people arrested for rioting and curfew-breaking. The curfew was lifted on 11 September when the situation returned to normal.

Task B:Singapore: July 21, 1964 Racial Riots

Certain elements of UMNO were from the outset opposed to Singapore's merger with Malaya as Singapore had a large number of Chinese.
Celebrations to mark the birthday of Prophet Mohammad were held throughout Malaysia. In many towns, it was a grand occasion. Various units of the armed forces, police, fire brigade and ex-servicemen for instance, participated in the celebrations at Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur.In Singapore, 212 Muslim organisations participated in the rally. By 1 pm on 21 July 1964, 25 thousand Muslims gathered on the Padang. At 2 pm, the Yang di-Pertuan Negara, Singapore's head of state, made a formal address. Muslims were urged to follow Islamic teachings and be "patient, forebearing and industrious". At 3.30 pm, the crowd was supposed to march from the Padang to St Andrews Road, Beach Road, Arab Street, Victoria Street, Kallang Road, and eventually to Lorong 12, Geylang. Different races start to fight among each other causing loss of lives and injuries.From this point,we need to communicate and work together as one to prevent this from happening again.

Our introduction

Leader:SHAHRIZAN
-To lead to any discussion.to resolve disputes and to make sure that the task is completed for marking.

Secretary:A.BAHRI
-To record any verbal discussion in the blog

Time keeper:BING HUI
-To check the blog and remind the team about the deadlines

IT-Coordinate:JONAS TAN
-To help group members to pose their reflections in an interesting manner in the blog

Blog designer:HIZRAN
-To set-up the blog,get it ready for group members to pose their reflections and discussions and to see the overall presentation of the blog